Source

Biotinylated Human PD-1 (H-PD1-7) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Leu 25 - Gln 167 (Accession # Q15116-1).

N-terminal Sequence Analysis: Leu 25

Molecular Characterization

This protein carries an Avi tagat the C-terminus, followed by a polyhistidine tag.

The protein has a calculated MW of 18.6 kDa. The protein migrates as 35-45 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

Endotoxin

Less than 0.01 EU/μg by the LAL method.

Purity

>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Bioactivity

ELISA ；

BIACORE (With our Research Grade Biosimilar Antibody products);

Formulation

Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

Reconstitution

Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.

For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.

Storage

For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.

Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

No activity loss was observed after storage at:

4-8°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;

-70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.

Reference

(1) Ishida Y., et al., 1992, EMBO J. 11 (11): 3887–95.

(2) Blank C., et al., 2007, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 56 (5): 739–45.

(3) Agata Y., et al., 1996, Int. Immunol. 8 (5): 765–72.

(4) Freeman GJ., et al., 2000, J. Exp. Med. 192 (7): 1027–34.

(5) Latchman Y., et al., 2001, Nat. Immunol. 2 (3): 261–8.

(6) Yamazaki T., et al., 2002, J. Immunol. 169 (10): 5538–45.